Regulatory Status of Color Additives

This database lists the status of color additives for use in foods, drugs, cosmetics, and some medical devices in the U.S. The list includes color additives permanently listed and those that once were provisionally listed, but then removed from the list (“delisted”) and are no longer permitted for use. This database will be updated periodically as amendments are made to the color additive regulations.

Whether a color additive is permanently listed, provisionally listed, or delisted is indicated under the “status” heading in the database. Only those color additives identified as permanently or provisionally listed are permitted for the indicated use. Delisted color additives are not permitted for any use. The database does not contain colorants permitted for use in food contact/packaging materials.

See additional Background Information.

For color additive petitions under review or held in abeyance, see Food Additive and Color Additive Petitions Under Review or Held in Abeyance.

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Definitions of Terms Used

• FID
  Food Inspection Decision (issued by USDA prior to 1927)
• CAS Reg. No. or other ID
  Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Registry® Number for the substance or a numerical code assigned by CFSAN (977nnn-nn-n-series) to those substances that do not have a CAS Reg. No.
• Other names
  Recognized synonyms for color additives
• Lakes
  Insoluble pigments formed by chemically reacting water-soluble straight colors with precipitants and substrata.

End Notes

1. The color additives Antarctic krill meal, Astaxanthin, Astaxanthin dimethyldisuccinate, Ultramarine blue, Canthaxanthin, Haematococcus algae meal, Synthetic iron oxide, Dried algae meal, Tagetes (Aztec marigold) meal and extract, Corn endosperm oil, Paracoccus pigment, and Phaffia yeast are approved for specific uses in animal food (see 21 CFR 73.32. 73.35, 73.37, 73.50, 73.75, 73.185, 73.200, 73.275, 73.295, 73.315, 73.352, and 73.355, respectively).
2. The year approved is based on the date listed in the "Confirmation of Effective Date" notice for the action as published in the Federal Register.
3. Petitioned for use after the 1960 amendments; never provisionally listed.
4. Color additives listed in 21 CFR Parts 74 and 82 must be analyzed and batch certified by FDA before they can be used in any FDA-regulated product marketed in the U.S. This requirement applies to products imported into this country as well as those manufactured domestically. Manufacturers of certified color additives must include on the label the name of the certified color additive, a statement indicating general use limitations, any quantitative limitations in products, and the certification lot number assigned to the batch. Straight colors required to be certified are listed in 21 CFR Part 74. Most lakes are provisionally listed under 21 CFR 81.1 for use as listed in 21 CFR 82.51 (food, drugs, and cosmetics), 21 CFR 82.1051 (drugs and cosmetics), or 21 CFR 82.2051 (externally applied drugs and cosmetics). All FD&C Red No. 40 lakes are permanently listed under 21 CFR 74.340 (food), 74.1340 (drugs), and 74.2340 (cosmetics). FD&C Blue No. 1 and FD&C Yellow No. 5 aluminum lakes for drug and cosmetic use are permanently listed in 21 CFR sections 74.1101, 74.1705, 74.2101, and 74.2705.
5. Color additives that are permitted for general use may not be used in the area of the eye, in injections, or in surgical sutures unless such use is specified in the color additive listing regulation. Currently no color additives are listed for use in injected products (such as tattoos or permanent makeup).
6. Color additives that are permitted for external application may not be used in the area of the eye, in injections, or in surgical sutures unless such use is specified in the color additive listing regulation. Currently no color additives are listed for use in injected products (such as tattoos or permanent makeup). Some color additives that are permitted for external application also may be permitted in mouthwashes, dentifrices, or lipsticks in limited amounts specified in the color additive listing regulations.
7. NTE - not to exceed.
8. The listed color additives are the reaction products produced by copolymerizing the reactive dyes with various monomers such that the dyes are chemically bound in the resulting polymer matrix.